Narrative Review of Antioxidant-Rich Plants in Aging

Waiswa Arajab

Department of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda

Email: arajab.waiswa@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

ABSTRACT

Aging is a multifactorial biological process strongly influenced by oxidative stress, a condition marked by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. The free radical theory of aging emphasizes the central role of redox imbalance in age-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Plant-derived antioxidants, particularly polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, and minerals, mitigate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, chelating metals, and modulating signaling pathways. Berries, leafy vegetables, nuts, herbs, spices, and fruits represent important dietary sources of these compounds and contribute to healthy aging by exerting anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and skin-preserving effects. Traditional diets high in antioxidant-rich plants, such as the Mediterranean diet, correlate with reduced age-related morbidity and greater longevity, while modern dietary shifts toward processed foods threaten antioxidant intake. Although evidence from preclinical and clinical studies highlights significant promise, challenges remain due to variability in bioavailability, standardization, and long-term safety. This review synthesizes current evidence on antioxidant-rich plants in aging, discussing their mechanisms, health benefits, and translational potential as part of dietary and therapeutic strategies to promote healthy longevity.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, Antioxidant plants, Polyphenols, Healthy aging, and Dietary interventions.

CITE AS: Waiswa Arajab (2025). Narrative Review of Antioxidant-Rich Plants in Aging. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 10(3):159-169. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2025/103.159169