CRISPR-Engineered Anopheles Mosquitoes for Malaria Transmission Interruption: A Review of Preclinical and Early Field Evidence

Kabazzi Douglas T.

Department of Pharmaceutics Kampala International University Uganda

Email: t.kabazzi@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions, driven largely by Plasmodium falciparum transmission via Anopheles mosquitoes. Current vector control tools face diminishing effectiveness due to insecticide resistance and operational limitations. CRISPR-based gene editing offers a targeted approach to modify Anopheles populations for sustained reduction of malaria transmission. This review synthesized preclinical and early field evidence on CRISPR-engineered Anopheles mosquitoes designed for malaria transmission interruption, evaluating biological efficacy, ecological safety, and readiness for deployment. A thematic synthesis of literature published between 2010 and 2025 was conducted, using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, focusing on laboratory, semi-field, and early confined field trials. Preclinical studies show that CRISPR gene drives can achieve inheritance bias exceeding 95% for traits such as female sterility (doublesex disruption) or parasite refractoriness (e.g., FREP1 knockouts). Cage experiments demonstrate rapid allele fixation and significant reductions in mosquito fertility or parasite load. Semi-field studies confirmed stable trait inheritance and containment feasibility, though open-field trials are yet to occur. Key challenges included resistance allele formation, ecological risk management, and community acceptance. CRISPR-engineered Anopheles mosquitoes show strong potential as a sustainable vector control strategy. Future research should prioritize resistance-proof designs, rigorous ecological risk assessment, transparent community engagement, and phased regulatory pathways toward carefully monitored field releases.

Keywords: CRISPR, Gene drive, Anopheles gambiae, Malaria elimination, Vector genetic control

CITE AS: Mangen Joshua Fred (2025). CRISPR-Engineered Anopheles Mosquitoes for Malaria Transmission Interruption: A Review of Preclinical and Early Field Evidence. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 10(2):82-85, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2025/102.8285