Circadian Rhythm and Chrononutrition in Glycemic Regulation: A Mini Review

Atukunda Derrick

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Kampala International University Uganda

Email: derrick.atukunda@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

ABSTRACT

The circadian rhythm governs essential physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis. Emerging research reveals that disruptions in circadian rhythms, whether due to shift work, sleep disturbances, or irregular eating patterns, contribute to impaired glycemic control and heightened risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chrononutrition, a field exploring the timing, frequency, and regularity of food intake—has gained recognition for its role in modulating glycemic responses. Aligning eating patterns with endogenous circadian clocks appears to enhance insulin sensitivity, optimize pancreatic β-cell function, and reduce postprandial glycemic excursions. This review discusses the molecular and physiological links between circadian biology and glucose regulation, highlights the implications of chrononutrition strategies in preventing and managing T2DM, and provides insights into therapeutic applications. Ultimately, integrating circadian biology into dietary recommendations represents a promising frontier for precision nutrition in metabolic health.

Keywords: circadian rhythm, chrononutrition, glycemic regulation, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes

CITE AS: Atukunda Derrick (2025). Circadian Rhythm and Chrononutrition in Glycemic Regulation: A Mini Review. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 10(2):33-38, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2025/102.3338