Redox-Driven Multimorbidity: Integrating Diabetes, Autoimmunity, BPH, and Hepatic Injury

Zakaria Ali

Department of Pharmacy Kampala International University Uganda

Email:ali.zakaria@studwc.kiu.ac.ug

                                                                                 ABSTRACT
Multimorbidity-the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions-is a growing global health burden, often driven by shared underlying biology rather than independent disease progression. Among key biological determinants, redox imbalance (or oxidative stress) stands out as a central nexus connecting metabolic dysfunction (e.g., type 2 diabetes), autoimmunity, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and hepatic injury. Oxidative stress alters cellular signaling, immune regulation, metabolic pathways, and fibrotic responses. This review dissects how dysregulated redox systems contribute to these seemingly distinct conditions, highlighting shared molecular pathways, clinical interrelationships, and potential therapeutic targets. We explore how hyperglycemia and mitochondrial dysfunction propagate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation, fueling autoimmunity and tissue remodeling. We examine redox-modulated immune dysregulation in autoimmune disease and how chronic systemic oxidative stress influences prostate growth and liver inflammation. Finally, we discuss how common interventions (antioxidants, lifestyle changes, and targeted pharmacotherapies) may attenuate disease progression across this multimorbidity spectrum. Understanding redox-driven mechanisms invites more integrated clinical approaches and rational biomarker-guided therapies.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmunity, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Hepatic injury.

CITE AS: Zakaria Ali (2026). Redox-Driven Multimorbidity: Integrating Diabetes, Autoimmunity, BPH, and Hepatic Injury. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 11(2):48-53. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2026/1124853