Novel Pharmacotherapies for Type 2 Diabetes

Kintuza Lumwako Tebulo

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT
Over the past five years, the therapeutic landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has expanded with the emergence of novel pharmacotherapies targeting diverse pathophysiological pathways. These agents, including incretin-based therapies, dual and triple receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, hepatokine modulators, and islet-targeted strategies, allow for individualized treatment approaches aimed at improving glycemic control, mitigating cardiovascular and renal risks, and addressing obesity-related complications. Advances in pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and biomarker-guided therapy facilitate personalized medicine, while combination therapies and fixed-dose regimens enhance efficacy and adherence. Clinical trial data support the safety and cardiometabolic benefits of these agents across diverse populations. Implementation in clinical practice requires careful patient selection, dose optimization, and monitoring, particularly in special populations with comorbidities. Overall, these novel pharmacotherapies provide promising tools to improve metabolic outcomes, delay disease progression, and reduce long-term complications in patients with T2DM.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Incretin-based therapy, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1/GIP dual agonists, and personalized pharmacotherapy.

CITE AS: Kintuza Lumwako Tebulo. (2026). Novel Pharmacotherapies for Type 2 Diabetes. IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 11(1):131-138. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJSR/2026/11.1.131138