Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs

Katu Amina H.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International Uganda

ABSTRACT

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a cornerstone of comprehensive diabetes care, equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and confidence required to effectively manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications. This narrative review examines the conceptual foundations, delivery models, effectiveness, and implementation challenges of DSME programs, with particular emphasis on clinical, behavioral, psychosocial, and quality-of-life outcomes. Evidence from systematic reviews and longitudinal studies consistently demonstrates that DSME improves glycemic control, self-care behaviors, psychosocial well-being, and patient empowerment. Reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), enhanced medication adherence, improved dietary and physical activity practices, and better health-related quality of life are among the most frequently reported outcomes. Program effectiveness is influenced by duration, intensity, delivery format, and degree of personalization, with longer interventions and hybrid face-to-face and digital models showing superior outcomes. Psychosocial components including motivation, self-efficacy, and social support play a central role in sustaining behavior change. Despite strong evidence of benefit, participation and adherence to DSME programs remain suboptimal, particularly among older adults, individuals with low socioeconomic status, rural populations, and ethnically diverse groups. Structural barriers, social determinants of health, and health-system constraints significantly affect access and engagement. Addressing these challenges requires culturally responsive program design, policy support, and integration of DSME within routine clinical care. Strengthening evaluation frameworks and quality improvement strategies will be essential to maximize the reach, equity, and long-term impact of DSME programs.

Keywords: Diabetes self-management education, Glycemic control, Patient empowerment, Health education programs and Self-care behaviors

CITE AS: Katu Amina H. (2026). Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 11(1):103-108. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2026/111103108