Diabetes in Elderly Populations: A Narrative Review

Katu Amina H.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International Uganda                               

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition among elderly populations worldwide, driven largely by demographic aging and improved life expectancy. Older adults with diabetes represent a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical profiles, comorbidities, functional capacities, and care needs. Age-related physiological changes, including progressive insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and altered glucose homeostasis, complicate both the presentation and management of diabetes in this population. Furthermore, atypical symptomatology, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and heightened vulnerability to hypoglycemia and frailty pose significant clinical challenges. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies for diabetes in elderly populations. Particular emphasis is placed on geriatric-specific concerns, including cognitive and functional impairment, hypoglycemia risk, health-related quality of life, and the impact of comorbidities. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are discussed within the context of individualized, patient-centered care, highlighting the importance of balancing glycemic targets with safety and functional preservation. The review also explores emerging health system models and multidisciplinary care approaches designed to address the complex needs of older adults with diabetes. Despite the growing disease burden, elderly individuals remain underrepresented in clinical research, resulting in limited evidence to guide optimal care. Future directions emphasize the need for flexible treatment frameworks, integration of geriatric assessments, and a paradigm shift toward healthy longevity and quality-of-life–focused outcomes. Addressing these gaps is essential to improving diabetes care and outcomes in aging populations.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Elderly population, Geriatric diabetes, Frailty and comorbidity, and Quality of life.

CITE AS: Wambui Kibibi J. (2026). Diabetes in Elderly Populations: A Narrative Review. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 11(1):98-102. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2026/11198102