Narrative Review of Ethics of Medical Neutrality in War

Maina Mwaura F.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Breastfeeding promotion encompasses a range of coordinated policy measures, health interventions, and social initiatives aimed at increasing breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration. As a proven strategy to enhance child survival, improve maternal health, and advance gender equality, breastfeeding promotion has become a central public health priority worldwide. This narrative review examines the evolution of breastfeeding promotion policies, including legislative protections, health-system initiatives, international guidelines, and community-based programmes. It explores the mechanisms through which these policies shape breastfeeding behaviours, with particular attention to socio-economic, cultural, and structural determinants. Evidence from diverse settings demonstrates that comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches combining maternity protection, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiatives (BFHI), health worker training, community support, and public awareness campaigns consistently improve breastfeeding outcomes. However, persistent challenges remain, including inadequate policy enforcement, aggressive breastmilk-substitute marketing, and gaps in workplace support. Strengthening breastfeeding promotion requires sustained political commitment, intersectoral collaboration, and culturally responsive strategies tailored to local needs.

Keywords: Breastfeeding promotion, Public health policy, Maternal and child health, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and Maternity protection.

CITE AS: Maina Mwaura F. (2026). Narrative Review of Ethics of Medical Neutrality in War. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 11(1):74-82. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2026/1117482