Narrative Review of Aging and Long-Term Care Systems
Kabazzi Douglas T.
Department of Pharmaceutics Kampala International University Uganda
Email: t.kabazzi@studwc.kiu.ac.ug
ABSTRACT
The aging of populations worldwide presents complex challenges for health and social systems, necessitating sustainable and equitable long-term care (LTC) models. This narrative review explores the conceptual foundations, financing mechanisms, service delivery models, workforce dynamics, and quality frameworks that shape aging and long-term care systems across different countries. Drawing from international evidence, the paper examines public and private financing arrangements, including tax-based and social insurance models, highlighting disparities in access and quality of care between and within nations. Service delivery structures, home-based, community-based, and institutional care, are analyzed for their effectiveness in promoting independence, dignity, and social inclusion among older adults. The review underscores the importance of a skilled and adequately trained LTC workforce, gender considerations in caregiving, and evolving policies aimed at equity, accessibility, and person-centered approaches. Furthermore, the study discusses emerging reform strategies such as integrated care, nursing home alternatives, and home- and community-based services that align with global commitments to “aging in place.” Comparative insights from OECD, European, and Asian models reveal that sustainable LTC systems require coordinated governance, diversified financing, and continuous quality improvement. The review concludes that the future of long-term care depends on comprehensive policy frameworks, innovative community-based solutions, and strengthened data systems to support informed decision-making and enhance the well-being of aging populations.
Keywords: Aging; Long-Term Care Systems; Health Policy; Integrated Care; and Elderly Health.
CITE AS: Kabazzi Douglas T. (2025). Narrative Review of Aging and Long-Term Care Systems. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 10(3):142-148. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2025/103.142148